Theory of Machine
To connect two parallel and coplanar shafts the following type of gearing is used

Spur gear
None of the listed here
Spiral gear
Bevel gear

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Theory of Machine
Crowning on pulleys helps

For automatic adjustment of belt position so that belt runs centrally
In decreasing the slip of the belt
In increasing velocity ratio
Increase belt and pulley life

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Theory of Machine
The secondary unbalanced force due to inertia of reciprocating parts in a reciprocating engine is given by (where m = Mass of reciprocating parts, ω = Angular speed of crank, r = Radius of crank, θ = Angle of inclination of crank with the line of stroke, and n = Ratio of the length of connecting rod to radius of crank)

m.ω².r (sin 2θ/n)
m.ω².r cosθ
m.ω².r sinθ
m.ω².r (cos 2θ/n)

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