Theory of Machine
When the crank is at the outer dead centre, in a reciprocating steam engine, then the acceleration of the piston will be

ω² r {(n - 1)/n}
ω² r {(n + 1)/n}
ω² r {n/(n + 1)}
ω² r {n/(n - 1)}

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Theory of Machine
The contact ratio is given by

(Length of path of recess)/(Circular pitch)
(Length of the arc of contact)/(Circular pitch)
(Length of the arc of approach)/cosφ
(Length of the path of approach)/(Circular pitch)

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