Theory of Machine
The maximum fluctuation of energy is the

Difference between the maximum and minimum energies
Ratio of the mean resisting torque to the work-done per cycle
Sum of the maximum and minimum energies
Variations of energy above and below the mean resisting torque line

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Theory of Machine
The primary unbalanced force due to inertia of reciprocating parts in a reciprocating engine is given by (where m = Mass of reciprocating parts, ω = Angular speed of crank, r = Radius of crank, θ = Angle of inclination of crank with the line of stroke, and n = Ratio of the length of connecting rod to radius of crank)

m.ω².r (cos 2θ/n)
m.ω².r sinθ
m.ω².r (sin 2θ/n)
m.ω².r cosθ

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