Theory of Machine
The secondary unbalanced force due to inertia of reciprocating parts in a reciprocating engine is given by (where m = Mass of reciprocating parts, ω = Angular speed of crank, r = Radius of crank, θ = Angle of inclination of crank with the line of stroke, and n = Ratio of the length of connecting rod to radius of crank)

m.ω².r sinθ
m.ω².r (cos 2θ/n)
m.ω².r cosθ
m.ω².r (sin 2θ/n)

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Theory of Machine
In gears, interference takes place when

The tip of a tooth of a mating gear digs into the portion between base and root circles
Gears do not move smoothly in the absence of lubrication
Pitch of the gears is not same
Gear teeth are undercut

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