Theory of Machine
In a steam engine, the earlier cut-off with a simple slide valve may be obtained by increasing the steam lap and the angle of advance of the eccentric but keeping constant the travel and lead of the valve, this method will

Reduce length of effective stroke of piston
All of the listed here
Cause withdrawing or throttling of steam
Reduce maximum opening of port to steam

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Theory of Machine
Angle of action of cam is defined as the angle

Through which the cam rotates during the period in which the follower remains in the highest position
Moved by the cam from the instant the follower begins to rise, till it reaches its highest position
Of rotation of the cam for a definite displacement of the follower
Moved by the cam from beginning of ascent to the termination of descent

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