Theory of Machine
A body of weight W is required to move up the rough inclined plane whose angle of inclination with the horizontal is α. The effort applied parallel to the plane is given by (where μ = tan φ = Coefficient of friction between the plane and the body)

P = W tan α
P = W (sin α + μ cos α)
P = W tan (α + φ)
P = W (cos α + μ sin α)

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Theory of Machine
Angle of action of cam is defined as the angle

Moved by the cam from beginning of ascent to the termination of descent
Moved by the cam from the instant the follower begins to rise, till it reaches its highest position
Of rotation of the cam for a definite displacement of the follower
Through which the cam rotates during the period in which the follower remains in the highest position

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Theory of Machine
The frictional torque transmitted in a flat collar bearing, considering uniform pressure, is (where r₁ and r₂ = External and internal radii of collar respectively)

(1/2). μ W [(r₁³ - r₂³)/(r₁² - r₂²)]
(2/3). μ W (r₁ + r₂)
(2/3). μ W [(r₁³ - r₂³)/(r₁² - r₂²)]
(1/2). μ W (r₁ + r₂)

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Theory of Machine
In a cam drive with uniform velocity follower, the sharp corners of the displacement diagram are rounded off at the beginning and at the end of each stroke. This is done

Because of loose contact of follower with cam surface
Because of difficulty in manufacturing cam profile
In order to have acceleration in beginning and retardation at the end of stroke within the finite limits
Because the uniform velocity motion is a partial parabolic motion

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Theory of Machine
Higher pairs are those which have

Two elements that permit relative motion
Elements of pairs not held together mechanically
Surface contact between the two elements when in motion
Point or line contact between the two elements when in motion

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