Theory of Machine
Klein's construction can be used to determine acceleration of various parts when the crank is at

Outer dead centre
All of the listed here
Right angles to the link of the stroke
Inner dead centre

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Theory of Machine
The secondary unbalanced force due to inertia of reciprocating parts in a reciprocating engine is given by (where m = Mass of reciprocating parts, ω = Angular speed of crank, r = Radius of crank, θ = Angle of inclination of crank with the line of stroke, and n = Ratio of the length of connecting rod to radius of crank)

m.ω².r sinθ
m.ω².r (cos 2θ/n)
m.ω².r cosθ
m.ω².r (sin 2θ/n)

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Theory of Machine
The static balancing is satisfactory for low speed rotors but with increasing speeds, dynamic balancing becomes necessary. This is because, the

Effects of unbalances are proportional to the square of the speed
Unbalanced couples are caused only at higher speeds
Unbalanced forces are not dangerous at higher speeds
Effects of unbalances are directly proportional to the speed

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