Theory of Machine
In locomotives, the ratio of the connecting rod length to me crank radius is kept very large in order to

Minimize the effect of primary forces
To start the locomotive quickly
Have perfect balancing
Minimize the effect of secondary forces

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Theory of Machine
The displacement of the reciprocating roller follower, when it has contact with the straight flanks of the tangent cam, is given by (where r₁ = Minimum radius of the cam, r₂ = Radius of the roller follower, and θ = Angle turned by the cam from the beginning of the follower displacement)

(r₁ + r₂) (1 + cosθ)
(r₁ - r₂) (1 - cosθ)
(r₁ - r₂) [(1 - cosθ)/cosθ]
(r₁ + r₂) [(1 - cosθ)/cosθ]

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