Theory of Machine
In locomotives, the ratio of the connecting rod length to me crank radius is kept very large in order to

Minimize the effect of primary forces
Have perfect balancing
Minimize the effect of secondary forces
To start the locomotive quickly

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Theory of Machine
Open pairs are those which have

Point or line contact between the two elements when in motion
Elements of pairs not held together mechanically
Surface contact between the two elements when in motion
Two elements that permit relative motion

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