Theory of Machine
In locomotives, the ratio of the connecting rod length to me crank radius is kept very large in order to

Minimize the effect of secondary forces
Minimize the effect of primary forces
Have perfect balancing
To start the locomotive quickly

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Theory of Machine
In a steam engine, one method of obtaining the earlier cut-off with a simple slide valve is by increasing the angle of advance of the eccentric while the throw of the eccentric, steam lap and exhaust lap are kept constant. This method will

Reduce maximum opening of port to steam
Cause withdrawing or throttling of steam
Reduce length of effective stroke of piston
All of these

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