Theory of Machine
In locomotives, the ratio of the connecting rod length to me crank radius is kept very large in order to

Have perfect balancing
Minimize the effect of primary forces
To start the locomotive quickly
Minimize the effect of secondary forces

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Theory of Machine
The primary unbalanced force due to inertia of reciprocating parts in a reciprocating engine is given by (where m = Mass of reciprocating parts, ω = Angular speed of crank, r = Radius of crank, θ = Angle of inclination of crank with the line of stroke, and n = Ratio of the length of connecting rod to radius of crank)

m.ω².r cosθ
m.ω².r (sin 2θ/n)
m.ω².r sinθ
m.ω².r (cos 2θ/n)

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