Theory of Machine
The ratio of the maximum displacement of the forced vibration to the deflection due to the static force, is known as

Damping coefficient
Damping factor
Logarithmic decrement
Magnification factor

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Theory of Machine
In a steam engine, the earlier cut-off with a simple slide valve may be obtained by increasing the steam lap and the angle of advance of the eccentric but keeping constant the travel and lead of the valve, this method will

Cause withdrawing or throttling of steam
Reduce length of effective stroke of piston
All of the listed here
Reduce maximum opening of port to steam

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