Water, pH and Macromolecules
The main difference between an acid and a base is that

bases donate hydrogen ions in water while acids accept hydrogen ions
acids are polar molecules and bases are not
bases are polar molecules and acids are not
acids donate hydrogen ions in water while bases accept hydrogen ions

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Water, pH and Macromolecules
Buffer solutions

cause a decrease in pH when acids are added to them.
are rarely found in living systems
will always have a pH of 7
tend to maintain a relatively constant pH.

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