Water, pH and Macromolecules
Buffer solutions

are rarely found in living systems
will always have a pH of 7
tend to maintain a relatively constant pH.
cause a decrease in pH when acids are added to them.

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Water, pH and Macromolecules
The main difference between an acid and a base is that

bases donate hydrogen ions in water while acids accept hydrogen ions
bases are polar molecules and acids are not
acids are polar molecules and bases are not
acids donate hydrogen ions in water while bases accept hydrogen ions

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Water, pH and Macromolecules
Salt dissolves well in water as water molecules

make nonpolar covalent bonds with the positively charged ions only
surround the ions because of their charge but do not form hydrogen bonds
form hydrogen bonds with the positively and negatively charged ions
share electrons with the ions to make polar covalent bonds

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