Water, pH and Macromolecules
Polyprotic acids such as H3PO4, can act as acid-base buffers

only in combination with polyprotic bases
if their concentration is kept low
at pH values around any of their pKa's
at pH values around neutrality

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Water, pH and Macromolecules
Buffer solutions

cause a decrease in pH when acids are added to them.
tend to maintain a relatively constant pH.
are rarely found in living systems
will always have a pH of 7

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