Microorganisms and Disease
What is common in catheters and ventilators?

Bacteria responsible for associated infections are usually susceptible to antibiotics
They bypass important defenses of the body
They are used primarily in neonatal intensive care units
They predispose patients to viral rather than bacterial infections

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is common in the disease caused by Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae and Bacillus anthracis?

Both organisms cause skin and respiratory tract infections
The most serious disease symptoms are the direct result of toxin action
Diphtheria toxin and edema toxin are ADP ribosylating toxins
Both organisms are gram-positive spore formers

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Microorganisms and Disease
Plastic implants can pose a serious nosocomial infection problem because

infected implants usually have to be surgically removed
phagocytes have trouble engulfing bacteria embedded in a biofilm
All of these
phagocytes have trouble moving on the plastic surface

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Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

binds host cell receptors found on heart cells
cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis
lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines
forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation

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