Microorganisms and Disease
What is common in catheters and ventilators?

They are used primarily in neonatal intensive care units
Bacteria responsible for associated infections are usually susceptible to antibiotics
They bypass important defenses of the body
They predispose patients to viral rather than bacterial infections

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Microorganisms and Disease
Cholera toxin is an A-B type toxin in which the B portions bind to a receptor on a host cell and the A portion enters the cell to cause

ADP ribosylation of adenylate cyclase that stops production of cAMP
ADP ribosylation of guanylate cyclase that stimulates production of cGMP
ADP ribosylation of a G protein that locks it into an active form that stimulates adenylate cyclase to make cAMP
cleavage of rRNA that results in disruption of ribosome function

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Microorganisms and Disease
Plastic implants can pose a serious nosocomial infection problem because

phagocytes have trouble moving on the plastic surface
All of these
infected implants usually have to be surgically removed
phagocytes have trouble engulfing bacteria embedded in a biofilm

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Microorganisms and Disease
Prontosil is

an effective antibacterial both in animals as well as in in-vitro cultures
an effective antibacterial when used in animals
an effective antibacterial when used in in-vitro cultures
not used as an antibacterial agent

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