Microorganisms and Disease
Plastic implants can pose a serious nosocomial infection problem because

phagocytes have trouble engulfing bacteria embedded in a biofilm
infected implants usually have to be surgically removed
phagocytes have trouble moving on the plastic surface
All of these

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Microorganisms and Disease
Prontosil is

an effective antibacterial when used in animals
not used as an antibacterial agent
an effective antibacterial when used in in-vitro cultures
an effective antibacterial both in animals as well as in in-vitro cultures

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Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

binds host cell receptors found on heart cells
cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis
lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines
forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation

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Microorganisms and Disease
What is common in catheters and ventilators?

They bypass important defenses of the body
They predispose patients to viral rather than bacterial infections
They are used primarily in neonatal intensive care units
Bacteria responsible for associated infections are usually susceptible to antibiotics

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