Microorganisms and Disease
Plastic implants can pose a serious nosocomial infection problem because

All of these
infected implants usually have to be surgically removed
phagocytes have trouble moving on the plastic surface
phagocytes have trouble engulfing bacteria embedded in a biofilm

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Microorganisms and Disease
Cholera toxin is an A-B type toxin in which the B portions bind to a receptor on a host cell and the A portion enters the cell to cause

cleavage of rRNA that results in disruption of ribosome function
ADP ribosylation of adenylate cyclase that stops production of cAMP
ADP ribosylation of a G protein that locks it into an active form that stimulates adenylate cyclase to make cAMP
ADP ribosylation of guanylate cyclase that stimulates production of cGMP

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