Microorganisms and Disease
Cholera toxin is an A-B type toxin in which the B portions bind to a receptor on a host cell and the A portion enters the cell to cause

cleavage of rRNA that results in disruption of ribosome function
ADP ribosylation of a G protein that locks it into an active form that stimulates adenylate cyclase to make cAMP
ADP ribosylation of adenylate cyclase that stops production of cAMP
ADP ribosylation of guanylate cyclase that stimulates production of cGMP

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is true regarding anthrax?

Anthrax is highly contagious
Anthrax is caused by a virus
Inhalation anthrax and cutaneous anthrax are caused by separate strains of Bacillus anthracis
Inhalation Anthrax requires infection with a large number of spores

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Microorganisms and Disease
Plastic implants can pose a serious nosocomial infection problem because

All of these
infected implants usually have to be surgically removed
phagocytes have trouble engulfing bacteria embedded in a biofilm
phagocytes have trouble moving on the plastic surface

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Microorganisms and Disease
What is common in catheters and ventilators?

Bacteria responsible for associated infections are usually susceptible to antibiotics
They predispose patients to viral rather than bacterial infections
They are used primarily in neonatal intensive care units
They bypass important defenses of the body

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