Microorganisms and Disease
Cholera toxin is an A-B type toxin in which the B portions bind to a receptor on a host cell and the A portion enters the cell to cause

ADP ribosylation of guanylate cyclase that stimulates production of cGMP
cleavage of rRNA that results in disruption of ribosome function
ADP ribosylation of adenylate cyclase that stops production of cAMP
ADP ribosylation of a G protein that locks it into an active form that stimulates adenylate cyclase to make cAMP

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Microorganisms and Disease
Plastic implants can pose a serious nosocomial infection problem because

infected implants usually have to be surgically removed
All of these
phagocytes have trouble engulfing bacteria embedded in a biofilm
phagocytes have trouble moving on the plastic surface

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Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

binds host cell receptors found on heart cells
cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis
forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation
lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines

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