Microorganisms and Disease
The influenza vaccine is administered each year because

the vaccine is sufficiently toxic to make it necessary to administer only a small amount at any one time
it is a polysaccharide vaccine that does not confer long-term protection
None of these
mutations in the viral hemagglutinin may allow the virus to evade the immune response elicited by previous vaccines

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Microorganisms and Disease
Prontosil is

an effective antibacterial both in animals as well as in in-vitro cultures
an effective antibacterial when used in in-vitro cultures
not used as an antibacterial agent
an effective antibacterial when used in animals

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Microorganisms and Disease
What is common in catheters and ventilators?

They bypass important defenses of the body
Bacteria responsible for associated infections are usually susceptible to antibiotics
They are used primarily in neonatal intensive care units
They predispose patients to viral rather than bacterial infections

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