Microorganisms and Disease The influenza vaccine is administered each year because mutations in the viral hemagglutinin may allow the virus to evade the immune response elicited by previous vaccines the vaccine is sufficiently toxic to make it necessary to administer only a small amount at any one time None of these it is a polysaccharide vaccine that does not confer long-term protection mutations in the viral hemagglutinin may allow the virus to evade the immune response elicited by previous vaccines the vaccine is sufficiently toxic to make it necessary to administer only a small amount at any one time None of these it is a polysaccharide vaccine that does not confer long-term protection ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP
Microorganisms and Disease Which of the following is true regarding anthrax? Anthrax is caused by a virus Inhalation Anthrax requires infection with a large number of spores Inhalation anthrax and cutaneous anthrax are caused by separate strains of Bacillus anthracis Anthrax is highly contagious Anthrax is caused by a virus Inhalation Anthrax requires infection with a large number of spores Inhalation anthrax and cutaneous anthrax are caused by separate strains of Bacillus anthracis Anthrax is highly contagious ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP
Microorganisms and Disease Each of the 3 virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis i.e. the capsule, edema toxin and lethal toxin can affect the activity of M cells B cells macrophages ciliated epithelial cells M cells B cells macrophages ciliated epithelial cells ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP
Microorganisms and Disease Mucus helps in protecting against pathogens by blocking access and attachment of pathogens to mucosal surfaces sequestering Iron lowering the pH facilitating the growth of normal flora blocking access and attachment of pathogens to mucosal surfaces sequestering Iron lowering the pH facilitating the growth of normal flora ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP
Microorganisms and Disease Cholera toxin is an A-B type toxin in which the B portions bind to a receptor on a host cell and the A portion enters the cell to cause ADP ribosylation of a G protein that locks it into an active form that stimulates adenylate cyclase to make cAMP ADP ribosylation of guanylate cyclase that stimulates production of cGMP cleavage of rRNA that results in disruption of ribosome function ADP ribosylation of adenylate cyclase that stops production of cAMP ADP ribosylation of a G protein that locks it into an active form that stimulates adenylate cyclase to make cAMP ADP ribosylation of guanylate cyclase that stimulates production of cGMP cleavage of rRNA that results in disruption of ribosome function ADP ribosylation of adenylate cyclase that stops production of cAMP ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP
Microorganisms and Disease Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to survive within macrophages secrete LT (heat labile toxin) and ST (heat stable toxin) into the lumen of the intestine activate T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines survive the acid pH of the stomach survive within macrophages secrete LT (heat labile toxin) and ST (heat stable toxin) into the lumen of the intestine activate T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines survive the acid pH of the stomach ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP
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