Microorganisms and Disease
A major difference between EHEC and EPEC is

EPEC rearranges host cell actin and EHEC does not
EPEC passes through the placenta to infect the fetus and EHEC does not
EHEC secretes a Shiga-like toxin and EPEC does not
EHEC possesses a type III secretion system and EPEC does not

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Microorganisms and Disease
The influenza vaccine is administered each year because

mutations in the viral hemagglutinin may allow the virus to evade the immune response elicited by previous vaccines
None of these
it is a polysaccharide vaccine that does not confer long-term protection
the vaccine is sufficiently toxic to make it necessary to administer only a small amount at any one time

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Microorganisms and Disease
Cholera toxin is an A-B type toxin in which the B portions bind to a receptor on a host cell and the A portion enters the cell to cause

cleavage of rRNA that results in disruption of ribosome function
ADP ribosylation of a G protein that locks it into an active form that stimulates adenylate cyclase to make cAMP
ADP ribosylation of adenylate cyclase that stops production of cAMP
ADP ribosylation of guanylate cyclase that stimulates production of cGMP

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Microorganisms and Disease
Plastic implants can pose a serious nosocomial infection problem because

phagocytes have trouble engulfing bacteria embedded in a biofilm
All of these
phagocytes have trouble moving on the plastic surface
infected implants usually have to be surgically removed

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