Microorganisms and Disease
All infections do not cause fever and all fevers are not due to infections which of the following is an example of non-infections cause of fever?

Typhoid
Chicken pox
Malaria
Rheumatic disease

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Microorganisms and Disease
Prontosil is

an effective antibacterial when used in in-vitro cultures
an effective antibacterial when used in animals
not used as an antibacterial agent
an effective antibacterial both in animals as well as in in-vitro cultures

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Microorganisms and Disease
A major difference between EHEC and EPEC is

EHEC possesses a type III secretion system and EPEC does not
EPEC rearranges host cell actin and EHEC does not
EPEC passes through the placenta to infect the fetus and EHEC does not
EHEC secretes a Shiga-like toxin and EPEC does not

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Microorganisms and Disease
Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to

secrete LT (heat labile toxin) and ST (heat stable toxin) into the lumen of the intestine
survive the acid pH of the stomach
survive within macrophages
activate T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines

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Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines
cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis
binds host cell receptors found on heart cells
forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation

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