Microorganisms and Disease
Both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptococcus pneumoniae

have cell walls that contain a high content of mycolic acids
have polysaccharide capsules
are acquired by inhalation
stay in the lung and rarely, if ever, enter the bloodstream

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Microorganisms and Disease
Cholera toxin is an A-B type toxin in which the B portions bind to a receptor on a host cell and the A portion enters the cell to cause

ADP ribosylation of a G protein that locks it into an active form that stimulates adenylate cyclase to make cAMP
ADP ribosylation of adenylate cyclase that stops production of cAMP
ADP ribosylation of guanylate cyclase that stimulates production of cGMP
cleavage of rRNA that results in disruption of ribosome function

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Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines
cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis
binds host cell receptors found on heart cells
forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation

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Microorganisms and Disease
Plastic implants can pose a serious nosocomial infection problem because

infected implants usually have to be surgically removed
phagocytes have trouble engulfing bacteria embedded in a biofilm
All of these
phagocytes have trouble moving on the plastic surface

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is common in the disease caused by Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae and Bacillus anthracis?

The most serious disease symptoms are the direct result of toxin action
Diphtheria toxin and edema toxin are ADP ribosylating toxins
Both organisms cause skin and respiratory tract infections
Both organisms are gram-positive spore formers

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