Microorganisms and Disease
Both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptococcus pneumoniae

have polysaccharide capsules
are acquired by inhalation
stay in the lung and rarely, if ever, enter the bloodstream
have cell walls that contain a high content of mycolic acids

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Microorganisms and Disease
Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to

survive within macrophages
secrete LT (heat labile toxin) and ST (heat stable toxin) into the lumen of the intestine
activate T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines
survive the acid pH of the stomach

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Microorganisms and Disease
What is common in catheters and ventilators?

They predispose patients to viral rather than bacterial infections
Bacteria responsible for associated infections are usually susceptible to antibiotics
They are used primarily in neonatal intensive care units
They bypass important defenses of the body

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following characteristic of the Rotavirus was important for the construction of the Rotashield vaccine?

The possession of a segmented RNA genome
A limited number of capsule types
The ability of monkey Rotavirus strains to cause serious illness (diarrhea) in human beings
The ability of the Rotavirus to be transmitted faster

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