Microorganisms and Disease
Both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptococcus pneumoniae

have polysaccharide capsules
stay in the lung and rarely, if ever, enter the bloodstream
have cell walls that contain a high content of mycolic acids
are acquired by inhalation

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is true regarding anthrax?

Anthrax is caused by a virus
Inhalation Anthrax requires infection with a large number of spores
Anthrax is highly contagious
Inhalation anthrax and cutaneous anthrax are caused by separate strains of Bacillus anthracis

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Microorganisms and Disease
The influenza vaccine is administered each year because

mutations in the viral hemagglutinin may allow the virus to evade the immune response elicited by previous vaccines
the vaccine is sufficiently toxic to make it necessary to administer only a small amount at any one time
None of these
it is a polysaccharide vaccine that does not confer long-term protection

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Microorganisms and Disease
Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to

activate T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines
survive within macrophages
survive the acid pH of the stomach
secrete LT (heat labile toxin) and ST (heat stable toxin) into the lumen of the intestine

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