Microorganisms and Disease
Both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Streptococcus pneumoniae

have cell walls that contain a high content of mycolic acids
have polysaccharide capsules
are acquired by inhalation
stay in the lung and rarely, if ever, enter the bloodstream

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Microorganisms and Disease
Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to

secrete LT (heat labile toxin) and ST (heat stable toxin) into the lumen of the intestine
survive the acid pH of the stomach
survive within macrophages
activate T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines

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