Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is common in the disease caused by Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae and Bacillus anthracis?

Diphtheria toxin and edema toxin are ADP ribosylating toxins
Both organisms are gram-positive spore formers
The most serious disease symptoms are the direct result of toxin action
Both organisms cause skin and respiratory tract infections

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

binds host cell receptors found on heart cells
forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation
cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis
lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

Microorganisms and Disease
The influenza vaccine is administered each year because

mutations in the viral hemagglutinin may allow the virus to evade the immune response elicited by previous vaccines
the vaccine is sufficiently toxic to make it necessary to administer only a small amount at any one time
it is a polysaccharide vaccine that does not confer long-term protection
None of these

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

Microorganisms and Disease
Cholera toxin is an A-B type toxin in which the B portions bind to a receptor on a host cell and the A portion enters the cell to cause

ADP ribosylation of guanylate cyclase that stimulates production of cGMP
ADP ribosylation of adenylate cyclase that stops production of cAMP
ADP ribosylation of a G protein that locks it into an active form that stimulates adenylate cyclase to make cAMP
cleavage of rRNA that results in disruption of ribosome function

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP