Microorganisms and Disease
Mucus helps in protecting against pathogens by

blocking access and attachment of pathogens to mucosal surfaces
facilitating the growth of normal flora
sequestering Iron
lowering the pH

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Microorganisms and Disease
Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to

activate T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines
secrete LT (heat labile toxin) and ST (heat stable toxin) into the lumen of the intestine
survive within macrophages
survive the acid pH of the stomach

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is true regarding anthrax?

Anthrax is highly contagious
Inhalation anthrax and cutaneous anthrax are caused by separate strains of Bacillus anthracis
Anthrax is caused by a virus
Inhalation Anthrax requires infection with a large number of spores

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