Microorganisms and Disease
Mucus helps in protecting against pathogens by

sequestering Iron
blocking access and attachment of pathogens to mucosal surfaces
lowering the pH
facilitating the growth of normal flora

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Microorganisms and Disease
The influenza vaccine is administered each year because

it is a polysaccharide vaccine that does not confer long-term protection
mutations in the viral hemagglutinin may allow the virus to evade the immune response elicited by previous vaccines
the vaccine is sufficiently toxic to make it necessary to administer only a small amount at any one time
None of these

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is true regarding anthrax?

Anthrax is caused by a virus
Anthrax is highly contagious
Inhalation anthrax and cutaneous anthrax are caused by separate strains of Bacillus anthracis
Inhalation Anthrax requires infection with a large number of spores

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is common in the disease caused by Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae and Bacillus anthracis?

Both organisms are gram-positive spore formers
Diphtheria toxin and edema toxin are ADP ribosylating toxins
Both organisms cause skin and respiratory tract infections
The most serious disease symptoms are the direct result of toxin action

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