Microorganisms and Disease
Lactoferrin helps to protect against pathogens by

lowering the pH
sequestering Iron
blocking sebum production
facilitating the growth of normal flora

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following characteristic of the Rotavirus was important for the construction of the Rotashield vaccine?

The possession of a segmented RNA genome
The ability of the Rotavirus to be transmitted faster
A limited number of capsule types
The ability of monkey Rotavirus strains to cause serious illness (diarrhea) in human beings

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is common in the disease caused by Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae and Bacillus anthracis?

Both organisms are gram-positive spore formers
Diphtheria toxin and edema toxin are ADP ribosylating toxins
Both organisms cause skin and respiratory tract infections
The most serious disease symptoms are the direct result of toxin action

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Microorganisms and Disease
Cholera toxin is an A-B type toxin in which the B portions bind to a receptor on a host cell and the A portion enters the cell to cause

ADP ribosylation of a G protein that locks it into an active form that stimulates adenylate cyclase to make cAMP
ADP ribosylation of guanylate cyclase that stimulates production of cGMP
ADP ribosylation of adenylate cyclase that stops production of cAMP
cleavage of rRNA that results in disruption of ribosome function

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