Microorganisms and Disease
Lactoferrin helps to protect against pathogens by

facilitating the growth of normal flora
blocking sebum production
sequestering Iron
lowering the pH

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines
forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation
cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis
binds host cell receptors found on heart cells

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP

Microorganisms and Disease
Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to

secrete LT (heat labile toxin) and ST (heat stable toxin) into the lumen of the intestine
activate T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines
survive within macrophages
survive the acid pH of the stomach

ANSWER DOWNLOAD EXAMIANS APP