Microorganisms and Disease
The toxins produced by bacteria

encourage bacterial reproduction
interfere with physiological processes in the body
All of these
kill viruses

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Microorganisms and Disease
A major difference between EHEC and EPEC is

EPEC rearranges host cell actin and EHEC does not
EHEC secretes a Shiga-like toxin and EPEC does not
EHEC possesses a type III secretion system and EPEC does not
EPEC passes through the placenta to infect the fetus and EHEC does not

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Microorganisms and Disease
What is common in catheters and ventilators?

Bacteria responsible for associated infections are usually susceptible to antibiotics
They predispose patients to viral rather than bacterial infections
They are used primarily in neonatal intensive care units
They bypass important defenses of the body

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Microorganisms and Disease
The influenza vaccine is administered each year because

None of these
it is a polysaccharide vaccine that does not confer long-term protection
the vaccine is sufficiently toxic to make it necessary to administer only a small amount at any one time
mutations in the viral hemagglutinin may allow the virus to evade the immune response elicited by previous vaccines

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