Microorganisms and Disease
In the human disease cholera, what is it that actually ends up killing the victim?

Dehydration and loss of nutrients
the toxin produced by the bacterium
Faulty carrier proteins
Too little water in the food stream

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Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis
forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation
binds host cell receptors found on heart cells
lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines

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Microorganisms and Disease
The influenza vaccine is administered each year because

it is a polysaccharide vaccine that does not confer long-term protection
None of these
mutations in the viral hemagglutinin may allow the virus to evade the immune response elicited by previous vaccines
the vaccine is sufficiently toxic to make it necessary to administer only a small amount at any one time

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