Microorganisms and Disease
Each of the 3 virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis i.e. the capsule, edema toxin and lethal toxin can affect the activity of

B cells
macrophages
M cells
ciliated epithelial cells

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Microorganisms and Disease
Plastic implants can pose a serious nosocomial infection problem because

All of these
infected implants usually have to be surgically removed
phagocytes have trouble moving on the plastic surface
phagocytes have trouble engulfing bacteria embedded in a biofilm

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Microorganisms and Disease
The influenza vaccine is administered each year because

it is a polysaccharide vaccine that does not confer long-term protection
the vaccine is sufficiently toxic to make it necessary to administer only a small amount at any one time
mutations in the viral hemagglutinin may allow the virus to evade the immune response elicited by previous vaccines
None of these

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Microorganisms and Disease
Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to

survive the acid pH of the stomach
survive within macrophages
activate T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines
secrete LT (heat labile toxin) and ST (heat stable toxin) into the lumen of the intestine

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