Microorganisms and Disease
The nature of the poliovirus gives for oral vaccination (satin vaccine) as part of the eradication programme is

heat killed virus
formalin-inactivated viruses
live attenuated strains of all three immunological types
small dosage of wild-type live viruses

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Microorganisms and Disease
A major difference between EHEC and EPEC is

EHEC possesses a type III secretion system and EPEC does not
EPEC rearranges host cell actin and EHEC does not
EPEC passes through the placenta to infect the fetus and EHEC does not
EHEC secretes a Shiga-like toxin and EPEC does not

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Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis
lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines
forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation
binds host cell receptors found on heart cells

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Microorganisms and Disease
What is common in catheters and ventilators?

They predispose patients to viral rather than bacterial infections
Bacteria responsible for associated infections are usually susceptible to antibiotics
They bypass important defenses of the body
They are used primarily in neonatal intensive care units

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