Microorganisms and Disease
The nature of the poliovirus gives for oral vaccination (satin vaccine) as part of the eradication programme is

formalin-inactivated viruses
live attenuated strains of all three immunological types
small dosage of wild-type live viruses
heat killed virus

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is common in the disease caused by Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae and Bacillus anthracis?

Both organisms cause skin and respiratory tract infections
The most serious disease symptoms are the direct result of toxin action
Diphtheria toxin and edema toxin are ADP ribosylating toxins
Both organisms are gram-positive spore formers

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is true regarding anthrax?

Anthrax is caused by a virus
Anthrax is highly contagious
Inhalation anthrax and cutaneous anthrax are caused by separate strains of Bacillus anthracis
Inhalation Anthrax requires infection with a large number of spores

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Microorganisms and Disease
Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to

survive within macrophages
secrete LT (heat labile toxin) and ST (heat stable toxin) into the lumen of the intestine
activate T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines
survive the acid pH of the stomach

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