Microorganisms and Disease
The nature of the poliovirus gives for oral vaccination (satin vaccine) as part of the eradication programme is

small dosage of wild-type live viruses
heat killed virus
formalin-inactivated viruses
live attenuated strains of all three immunological types

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Microorganisms and Disease
A major difference between EHEC and EPEC is

EPEC passes through the placenta to infect the fetus and EHEC does not
EHEC possesses a type III secretion system and EPEC does not
EHEC secretes a Shiga-like toxin and EPEC does not
EPEC rearranges host cell actin and EHEC does not

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is common in the disease caused by Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae and Bacillus anthracis?

Both organisms cause skin and respiratory tract infections
The most serious disease symptoms are the direct result of toxin action
Diphtheria toxin and edema toxin are ADP ribosylating toxins
Both organisms are gram-positive spore formers

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Microorganisms and Disease
The influenza vaccine is administered each year because

mutations in the viral hemagglutinin may allow the virus to evade the immune response elicited by previous vaccines
the vaccine is sufficiently toxic to make it necessary to administer only a small amount at any one time
it is a polysaccharide vaccine that does not confer long-term protection
None of these

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Microorganisms and Disease
Plastic implants can pose a serious nosocomial infection problem because

infected implants usually have to be surgically removed
phagocytes have trouble moving on the plastic surface
All of these
phagocytes have trouble engulfing bacteria embedded in a biofilm

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