Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation
lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines
cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis
binds host cell receptors found on heart cells

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following characteristic of the Rotavirus was important for the construction of the Rotashield vaccine?

The possession of a segmented RNA genome
A limited number of capsule types
The ability of monkey Rotavirus strains to cause serious illness (diarrhea) in human beings
The ability of the Rotavirus to be transmitted faster

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Microorganisms and Disease
A major difference between EHEC and EPEC is

EHEC possesses a type III secretion system and EPEC does not
EPEC passes through the placenta to infect the fetus and EHEC does not
EHEC secretes a Shiga-like toxin and EPEC does not
EPEC rearranges host cell actin and EHEC does not

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Microorganisms and Disease
The influenza vaccine is administered each year because

None of these
it is a polysaccharide vaccine that does not confer long-term protection
mutations in the viral hemagglutinin may allow the virus to evade the immune response elicited by previous vaccines
the vaccine is sufficiently toxic to make it necessary to administer only a small amount at any one time

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is common in the disease caused by Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae and Bacillus anthracis?

Both organisms cause skin and respiratory tract infections
The most serious disease symptoms are the direct result of toxin action
Both organisms are gram-positive spore formers
Diphtheria toxin and edema toxin are ADP ribosylating toxins

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