Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation
cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis
lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines
binds host cell receptors found on heart cells

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Microorganisms and Disease
What is common in catheters and ventilators?

They are used primarily in neonatal intensive care units
They predispose patients to viral rather than bacterial infections
They bypass important defenses of the body
Bacteria responsible for associated infections are usually susceptible to antibiotics

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Microorganisms and Disease
Prontosil is

an effective antibacterial when used in animals
an effective antibacterial when used in in-vitro cultures
an effective antibacterial both in animals as well as in in-vitro cultures
not used as an antibacterial agent

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Microorganisms and Disease
A major difference between EHEC and EPEC is

EHEC secretes a Shiga-like toxin and EPEC does not
EHEC possesses a type III secretion system and EPEC does not
EPEC rearranges host cell actin and EHEC does not
EPEC passes through the placenta to infect the fetus and EHEC does not

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