Microorganisms and Disease
The "A" subunit of diphtheria toxin

binds host cell receptors found on heart cells
cause ADP ribosylation of a factor involved in protein synthesis
forms cAMP that leads to fluid accumulation
lysis macrophages with the release of cytokines

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Microorganisms and Disease
The influenza vaccine is administered each year because

the vaccine is sufficiently toxic to make it necessary to administer only a small amount at any one time
mutations in the viral hemagglutinin may allow the virus to evade the immune response elicited by previous vaccines
None of these
it is a polysaccharide vaccine that does not confer long-term protection

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is common in the disease caused by Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae and Bacillus anthracis?

Diphtheria toxin and edema toxin are ADP ribosylating toxins
Both organisms cause skin and respiratory tract infections
Both organisms are gram-positive spore formers
The most serious disease symptoms are the direct result of toxin action

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following characteristic of the Rotavirus was important for the construction of the Rotashield vaccine?

The possession of a segmented RNA genome
A limited number of capsule types
The ability of the Rotavirus to be transmitted faster
The ability of monkey Rotavirus strains to cause serious illness (diarrhea) in human beings

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