Microorganisms and Disease
Fatalities following influenza infection are usually due to the

formation of granulomas in the lung
dehydration
damage to the heart muscle
bacterial superinfection

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Microorganisms and Disease
Plastic implants can pose a serious nosocomial infection problem because

All of these
phagocytes have trouble moving on the plastic surface
infected implants usually have to be surgically removed
phagocytes have trouble engulfing bacteria embedded in a biofilm

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Microorganisms and Disease
Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to

survive the acid pH of the stomach
secrete LT (heat labile toxin) and ST (heat stable toxin) into the lumen of the intestine
activate T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines
survive within macrophages

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is common in the disease caused by Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae and Bacillus anthracis?

Both organisms are gram-positive spore formers
Both organisms cause skin and respiratory tract infections
The most serious disease symptoms are the direct result of toxin action
Diphtheria toxin and edema toxin are ADP ribosylating toxins

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