Microorganisms and Disease
Fatalities following influenza infection are usually due to the

damage to the heart muscle
dehydration
formation of granulomas in the lung
bacterial superinfection

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Microorganisms and Disease
The influenza vaccine is administered each year because

mutations in the viral hemagglutinin may allow the virus to evade the immune response elicited by previous vaccines
it is a polysaccharide vaccine that does not confer long-term protection
the vaccine is sufficiently toxic to make it necessary to administer only a small amount at any one time
None of these

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Microorganisms and Disease
What is common in catheters and ventilators?

They predispose patients to viral rather than bacterial infections
They bypass important defenses of the body
They are used primarily in neonatal intensive care units
Bacteria responsible for associated infections are usually susceptible to antibiotics

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Microorganisms and Disease
Plastic implants can pose a serious nosocomial infection problem because

All of these
phagocytes have trouble engulfing bacteria embedded in a biofilm
infected implants usually have to be surgically removed
phagocytes have trouble moving on the plastic surface

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