Microorganisms and Disease
Fatalities following influenza infection are usually due to the

dehydration
bacterial superinfection
formation of granulomas in the lung
damage to the heart muscle

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Microorganisms and Disease
Which of the following is common in the disease caused by Coryne-bacterium diphtheriae and Bacillus anthracis?

Both organisms cause skin and respiratory tract infections
Diphtheria toxin and edema toxin are ADP ribosylating toxins
The most serious disease symptoms are the direct result of toxin action
Both organisms are gram-positive spore formers

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Microorganisms and Disease
Type III secretion systems are used to inject "effector" proteins directly into a host cell. Salmonella uses a type III secretion system to help the pathogen to

activate T cells to proliferate and secrete cytokines
survive the acid pH of the stomach
secrete LT (heat labile toxin) and ST (heat stable toxin) into the lumen of the intestine
survive within macrophages

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