Recombinant DNA Technology
Which of the following is correct in terms of determination of location of genetic traits?

None of these
Known protein coding sequences are too far apart to allow linkage determination for most new genes
Restriction sites allow DNAs to be digested
Protein-coding genes are always associated with a restriction pattern

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Recombinant DNA Technology
Knockout mice are created by

mutagenizing a mouse and selecting for mutant offspring
transfecting embryonic stem cells with an altered gene sequence
creating a chimera by fusing cells from two different cell lines
infecting the mouse with a retrovirus

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Recombinant DNA Technology
Some genetic diseases cannot be diagnosed by changes in restriction sites. Some of these can be detected by allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. These are

PCR-amplified variable numbers of tandem repeats (VNTRs)
copies of the gene with an altered sequence so that a restriction site is inserted
short sequences that will hybridize only to a specific base sequence
mutagenized copies of a gene

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