Theory of Machine
Two heavy rotating masses are connected by shafts of lengths l₁, l₂ and l₃ and the corresponding diameters are d₁, d₂ and d₃. This system is reduced to a torsionally equivalent system having uniform diameter d = d₁ of the shaft. The equivalent length of the shaft is

(l₁ + l₂ + l₃)/3
l = l₁ + l₂.(d₁/d₂)³ + l₂.(d₁/d₃)³
l₁ + l₂ + l₃
l = l₁ + l₂.(d₁/d₂)⁴ + l₃.(d₁/d₃)⁴

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Theory of Machine
The sense of Coriolis component 2 ωv is same as that of the relative velocity vector v rotated at

45° in the direction of rotation of the link containing the path
180° in the direction opposite to the rotation of the link containing the path
45° in the direction opposite to the rotation of the link containing the path
90° in the direction of rotation of the link containing the path

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