Theory of Machine
Two systems shall be dynamically equivalent when

M.I. of two about an axis through e.g. is equal
The mass of two are same
All of these
G. of two coincides

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Theory of Machine
The primary unbalanced force due to inertia of reciprocating parts in a reciprocating engine is given by (where m = Mass of reciprocating parts, ω = Angular speed of crank, r = Radius of crank, θ = Angle of inclination of crank with the line of stroke, and n = Ratio of the length of connecting rod to radius of crank)

m.ω².r sinθ
m.ω².r (sin 2θ/n)
m.ω².r (cos 2θ/n)
m.ω².r cosθ

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Theory of Machine
In a steam engine, one method of obtaining the earlier cut-off with a simple slide valve is by increasing the angle of advance of the eccentric while the throw of the eccentric, steam lap and exhaust lap are kept constant. This method will

Cause withdrawing or throttling of steam
Reduce maximum opening of port to steam
All of these
Reduce length of effective stroke of piston

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Theory of Machine
In elliptical trammels

All four pairs are turning
One pair turning and three pairs sliding
Three pairs turning and one pair sliding
Two pairs turning and two pairs sliding

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