Theory of Machine
In a four stroke I.C. engine, the turning moment during the compression stroke is

Positive throughout
Positive during major portion of the stroke
Negative throughout
Negative during major portion of the stroke

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Theory of Machine
Higher pairs are those which have

Two elements that permit relative motion
Elements of pairs not held together mechanically
Surface contact between the two elements when in motion
Point or line contact between the two elements when in motion

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