Theory of Machine
In a four stroke I.C. engine, the turning moment during the compression stroke is

Positive throughout
Positive during major portion of the stroke
Negative throughout
Negative during major portion of the stroke

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Theory of Machine
When a mass of a critically damped single degree of freedom system is deflected from its equilibrium position and released, then it will

Oscillate with decreasing amplitude
Oscillate with constant amplitude
Return to equilibrium position without oscillation
Oscillate with increasing time period

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Theory of Machine
Two heavy rotating masses are connected by shafts of lengths l₁, l₂ and l₃ and the corresponding diameters are d₁, d₂ and d₃. This system is reduced to a torsionally equivalent system having uniform diameter d = d₁ of the shaft. The equivalent length of the shaft is

l₁ + l₂ + l₃
l = l₁ + l₂.(d₁/d₂)³ + l₂.(d₁/d₃)³
l = l₁ + l₂.(d₁/d₂)⁴ + l₃.(d₁/d₃)⁴
(l₁ + l₂ + l₃)/3

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Theory of Machine
Crowning on pulleys helps

In decreasing the slip of the belt
For automatic adjustment of belt position so that belt runs centrally
Increase belt and pulley life
In increasing velocity ratio

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