RCC Structures Design
Top bars are extended to the projecting parts of the combined footing of two columns L distance apart for a distance of

One-fourth the distance of projection
0.1 L from the centre edge of column
0.1 L from the outer edge of column
Half the distance of projection

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RCC Structures Design
If the length of a combined footing for two columns l meters apart is L and the projection on the left side of the exterior column is x, then the projection y on the right side of the exterior column, in order to have a uniformly distributed load, is (where x̅ is the distance of centre of gravity of column loads).

y = L/2 + (l - x̅)
y = L/2 - (l + x̅)
y = L/2 - (l - x̅)
y = L - (l - x̅)

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RCC Structures Design
The angle of internal friction of soil mass is the angle whose

Cosine is equal to the ratio of the maximum resistance sliding on any internal inclined plane to the normal pressure acting on the plane
None of these
Tangent is equal to the rate of the maximum resistance to sliding on any internal inclined plane to the normal pressure acting on the plane
Sine is equal to the ratio of the maximum resistance to sliding on any internal inclined plane to the normal pressure acting on the plane

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