Theory of Machine
The velocity of the reciprocating roller follower when it has contact with the straight flanks of the tangent cam, is given by (where ω = Angular velocity of the cam shaft)

ω (r₁ r₂) sinθ
ω (r₁ + r₂) cosθ cosec2θ
ω (r₁ + r₂) sinθ sec2θ
ω (r₁ r₂) cosθ

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Theory of Machine
In a steam engine, one method of obtaining the earlier cut-off with a simple slide valve is by increasing the angle of advance of the eccentric while the throw of the eccentric, steam lap and exhaust lap are kept constant. This method will

Reduce length of effective stroke of piston
Reduce maximum opening of port to steam
Cause withdrawing or throttling of steam
All of these

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