Theory of Machine
Angle of ascent of cam is defined as the angle

During which the follower returns to its initial position
Of rotation of the cam for a definite displacement of the follower
Through which the cam rotates during the period in which the follower remains in highest position
Moved by the cam from the instant the follower begins to rise, till it reaches its highest position

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Theory of Machine
The secondary unbalanced force due to inertia of reciprocating parts in a reciprocating engine is given by (where m = Mass of reciprocating parts, ω = Angular speed of crank, r = Radius of crank, θ = Angle of inclination of crank with the line of stroke, and n = Ratio of the length of connecting rod to radius of crank)

m.ω².r cosθ
m.ω².r sinθ
m.ω².r (cos 2θ/n)
m.ω².r (sin 2θ/n)

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Theory of Machine
Kinematic pairs are those which have

Surface contact between the two elements when in motion
Two elements that permit relative motion
Point or line contact between the two elements when in motion
Elements of pairs not held together mechanically

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