Theory of Machine
The velocity of any point in mechanism relative to any other point on the mechanism on velocity polygon is represented by the line

At 45° to line as per (A)
Joining the corresponding points
Not possible to determine with these data
Perpendicular to line as per (A)

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Theory of Machine
Pitch point on a cam is

Any point on pitch curve
Any point on pitch circle
The point on cam pitch curve having the maximum pressure angle
The point on cam pitch curve having the minimum pressure angle

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Theory of Machine
In a steam engine, one method of obtaining the earlier cut-off with a simple slide valve is by increasing the angle of advance of the eccentric while the throw of the eccentric, steam lap and exhaust lap are kept constant. This method will

Reduce maximum opening of port to steam
Cause withdrawing or throttling of steam
All of these
Reduce length of effective stroke of piston

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