Theory of Machine
The ratio of height of Porter governor (when length of arms and links are equal) to the height of Watt's governor is (where m = Mass of the ball, and M = Mass on the sleeve)

M/(m + M)
m/(m + M)
(m + M)/m
(m + M)/M

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Theory of Machine
Higher pairs are those which have

Surface contact between the two elements when in motion
Two elements that permit relative motion
Elements of pairs not held together mechanically
Point or line contact between the two elements when in motion

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