Theory of Machine
The ratio of height of Porter governor (when length of arms and links are equal) to the height of Watt's governor is (where m = Mass of the ball, and M = Mass on the sleeve)

(m + M)/M
m/(m + M)
M/(m + M)
(m + M)/m

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Theory of Machine
Two heavy rotating masses are connected by shafts of lengths l₁, l₂ and l₃ and the corresponding diameters are d₁, d₂ and d₃. This system is reduced to a torsionally equivalent system having uniform diameter d = d₁ of the shaft. The equivalent length of the shaft is

l₁ + l₂ + l₃
(l₁ + l₂ + l₃)/3
l = l₁ + l₂.(d₁/d₂)⁴ + l₃.(d₁/d₃)⁴
l = l₁ + l₂.(d₁/d₂)³ + l₂.(d₁/d₃)³

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