Process Equipment and Plant Design
A forced circulation long tube vertical evaporator as compared to the natural circulation evaporator

Employs high velocity, high heat transfer rate and less heating surface requirement
Employs a centrifugal pump placed between external downtake from vapor drum and inlet to tube bundle
Both B & C
Is economical in operation

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, triangular pitch arrangement as compared to square pitch arrangement

Facilitates easier shell side cleaning; hence is more suitable for handling high dirt factor shell side fluid
Creates relatively lower turbulence on the shell side resulting in lower shell side heat transfer co-efficient
Can accomodate less number of tubes for a given shell diameter
Results in higher shell side pressure drop

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
High pressure fluid in a shell and tube heat exchanger should preferably be routed through the

Tubes to avoid the expansion of high pressure shell construction
Shell side for smaller total pressure drop
Shell side, if the flow is counter-current and tube side if the flow is co-current
Shell side for large overall heat transfer co-efficient

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