Process Equipment and Plant Design
Smoker's equation for the calculation of number of equilibrium stages in a continuous binary distillation column is used, when the

Number of equilibrium stages in only stripping section is to be calculated
Relative volatility is close to one (e.g., separation of close boiling isomers)
Number of equilibrium stages required is likely to be very small
Feed is not at its bubble point

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
The function of manholes provided in the shell of a distillation column is to

Give access to the individual trays for cleaning, maintenance and installation
Keep a check on the liquid gradient over the plate by direct visual observation
Guard against foaming & entrainment by dumping antifoaming agent through it
All of these

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement about the design of a sieve plate column.

Minimum recommended downcomer residence time for the disengagement of entrained vapour is the same for both foaming and non-foaming liquids, which is about 20 seconds
For segmental downcomers, the chord length is 60-80% of the column diameter. An initial value of downcomer area of 12% is taken in the design
An increased weir height improves the tray efficiency at the cost of high plate pressure drop; optimum wear height being 40-90 mm for column pressure above atmospheric and 6-12 mm for vacuum columns
Width of the calming section provided at the inlet and outlet sides of the plate is 75 mm for column diameter below 1.5 metres and 100 mm for larger diameter columns

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