Process Equipment and Plant Design
Log mean temperature difference in case of multi-pass shell and tube heat exchanger is always

Less than arithmetic mean value
More than geometric mean value
Both B & C
More than arithmetic mean value

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Liquid gradient over a tray can be minimised by

All of these
Decreasing the number of rows of caps through which the liquid flows or by decreasing the velocity of liquid flow past the caps or by reducing the distance along the tray through which the liquid must
Using split flow, radial flow or cascade flow for column diameter large than 4 ft
Providing a higher skirt clearance or a higher weir

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
For a cylindrical shell, (subject to the thickness of uppermost course being more than the minimum for diaofthe tank in question), the thickness of the courses of shell

Increases upwards
Decreases upwards
Remains same throughout
May decrease or increase upwards depending upon whether vacuum or positive pressure would be maintained inside the shell

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