Process Equipment and Plant Design
Vertical condenser is advantageous to the horizontal condenser from operation point of view, when

Both the functions of condensation & sub cooling are carried out in a single unit
Hydrostatic head is required for refluxing the condensate
Only the function of condensation is to be carried out
Sub cooling of condensate is desired

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Which of the following is not a valid assumption in continuous binary distillation for calculating the number of equilibrium stages by Mc-Cabe-Thiele's method?

Heat of mixing of normal liquid is assumed to be zero
Molar latent heat of the two components are equal
Sensible heat changes for vapour & liquid are negligibly small
Reflux is not a saturated liquid

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