Process Equipment and Plant Design
Overall distillation column efficiency for most of the refinery columns can be given by (for μ = 0.07 - 1.4 cp and relative volatility < 4) (where η = overall column efficiency, % μ = molal average viscosity of feed at average column temperature and pressure, cp Δp = pressure drop per tray, psi)

Η = 1.66 - 0.25 log μ
Η = 24.6 (Δp/μ)
Η = 17 - 61.1 log μ
Η = 0.25 log μ - 1.67

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Seamless pipe is made

Both B and C
By forging a solid round, piercing it by simultaneously rotating & forcing it over a piercer point and further reducing it by rolling gas drawing
By extrusion & casting into static and centrifugal molds
From rolled strips formed into cylinders and seam-welded

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement about the design of seive plate column and the bubble cap column.

Weir height for a bubble cap plate column is the same as that for a seive plate column
Weir height in case of a bubble cap plate ranges from 50 to 150 mm and is higher than the seive plate
Weir length for a bubble cap plate is the same as that for the seive plate
The downcomer design and the residence time in the downcomer is almost same for seive plate and bubble cap columns

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