Process Equipment and Plant Design
A stuffing box is used for

Absorbing the contraction/expansion of pipeline due to temperature changes
Reducing the resistance of fluid flow
Prevention of fluid leakage around moving parts
Facilitating smooth opening and closing of a valve

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Mc Cable Thiele method used for finding theoretical stages in a distillation column assumes that the

Liquid/vapor loading across the column remains constant
All of these
Sensible heat differences are small, because the temperature changes from tray to tray is small
Trouton's rule is applicable

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