Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The purpose of a surge tank is

To eliminate water hammer possibilities
To regulate flow of water to turbines by providing necessary retarding head of water
All of these
To control the pressure variations due to rapid changes in the pipe line flow

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Runaway speed of a hydraulic turbine is

Full load speed
The speed if the turbine runner is allowed to revolve freely without load and with the wicket gates wide open
The speed at which turbine runner will be damaged
The speed corresponding to maximum overload permissible

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