Process Equipment and Plant Design
Practical dividing line between a ductile and brittle materials is suggested, when the ultimate elongation is about 5%. Generally, larger the knuckle radius, stronger is the corner torus section of a head. The knuckle radius provided should be less than __________ of the head.

Either A or B, whichever is larger
6% of I.D.
3 times the thickness
Either A or B, whichever is smaller

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
When one of the fluids is highly corrosive and has fouling tendency, it should

Flow outside the tube, when the flow is counter-current and inside the tube when the flow is co-current
Flow at a very slow velocity
Perferably flow outside the tube
Preferably flow inside the tube for its easier internal cleaning

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