Process Equipment and Plant Design
1.2 to 3.8 cms is the value of the

All of these
Static submergence in case of a bubble cap tray for column operating under pressure (≥ 1 atm.)
Downcomer liquid seal in case of a balanced tray design
Skirt clearance for bubble caps

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In case of design of a shell and tube heat exchanger,

Minimum tube sheet thickness (in which tubes are fixed) is equal to the O.D. of the tube upto 15 mm tube diameter; and for > 15 mm tube diameter, tube sheet thickness is smaller than tube diameter
Minimum cleaning lane of 6.5 mm is provided, when tubes are on a square pitch
O.D. of the tube is 6 to 40 mm while the tube lengths used are 0.5, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6 metres
All of these

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Ponchon Savarit method is based on the use of enthalpy concentration diagram, which contains the bubble point curve (saturated liquid curve), dew point curve (saturated vapour curve) and equilibrium tie lines. As compared to McCabe-Thiele's method, this method

All of these
Facilitates direct calculation of heat load on reboiler & condenser from, the diagram used in this method
Is more accurate in finding the number of equilibrium stages
Accounts for the enthalpy changes in the process

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