Process Equipment and Plant Design
1.2 to 3.8 cms is the value of the

Downcomer liquid seal in case of a balanced tray design
Static submergence in case of a bubble cap tray for column operating under pressure (≥ 1 atm.)
Skirt clearance for bubble caps
All of these

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Weep holes provided in the plates of a distillation column

Must be large enough (usually 1/4" to 5/8" dia) to prevent plugging but should not deliver excessive amount of fluid during operation
All of these
Are normally located near the overflow weir so that any delivery of liquid during operation follows approximately the same path as the overflow fluid
Facilitate draining out liquid from a tray when the unit is not in operation

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