Process Equipment and Plant Design
1.2 to 3.8 cms is the value of the

Downcomer liquid seal in case of a balanced tray design
Static submergence in case of a bubble cap tray for column operating under pressure (≥ 1 atm.)
Skirt clearance for bubble caps
All of these

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Vertical condenser is advantageous to the horizontal condenser from operation point of view, when

Both the functions of condensation & sub cooling are carried out in a single unit
Sub cooling of condensate is desired
Hydrostatic head is required for refluxing the condensate
Only the function of condensation is to be carried out

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