Process Equipment and Plant Design
1.2 to 3.8 cms is the value of the

All of these
Downcomer liquid seal in case of a balanced tray design
Static submergence in case of a bubble cap tray for column operating under pressure (≥ 1 atm.)
Skirt clearance for bubble caps

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
A stuffing box is used for

Prevention of fluid leakage around moving parts
Absorbing the contraction/expansion of pipeline due to temperature changes
Reducing the resistance of fluid flow
Facilitating smooth opening and closing of a valve

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
A head comprises of straight flange section, corner torus, section and central dished section. Crown radius and knuckle radius in a head is related respectively to the

Straight flange section and corner torus section
Corner torus section and central dished section
Central dished section and corner torus section
Central dished section and straight flange section

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