Internal Combustion Engines
The knock in diesel engine occurs due to

Delayed burning of the first part of the charge
Instantaneous and rapid burning of the first part of the charge
Reduction of delay period
Instantaneous auto ignition of last part of charge

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed, 4-stroke cycle diesel engine

May start and end anywhere
Fuel injection starts at 10° before top dead center and ends at 20° after top dead center
Fuel injection starts at top dead center and ends at 20° after top dead center
Fuel injection starts at just before top dead center and ends just after top dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle diesel engine, the exhaust valve

May open and close anywhere
Opens at 30° after bottom dead centre and closes at 10° before top dead centre
Opens at 30° before bottom dead centre and closes at 10° after top dead centre
Opens at bottom dead centre and closes at top dead centre

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