Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle diesel engine, the exhaust valve

Opens at bottom dead centre and closes at top dead centre
Opens at 30° before bottom dead centre and closes at 10° after top dead centre
Opens at 30° after bottom dead centre and closes at 10° before top dead centre
May open and close anywhere

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Internal Combustion Engines
The correct sequence of the decreasing order of brake thermal efficiency of the three given basic types of engines is

Four stroke C.I. engine, four stroke S.I. engine, two stroke S.I. engine
Four stroke S.I. engine, four stroke C.I. engine, two stroke S.I. engine
Four stroke C.I. engine, two stroke S.I. engine, four stroke S.I. engine
Two stroke S.I. engine, four stroke S.I. engine, four stroke C.I. engine

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Internal Combustion Engines
Flash point of fuel oil is

Temperature at which it catches fire without external aid
Minimum temperature to which oil is heated in order to give off inflammable vapours in sufficient quantity to ignite momentarily when brought in contact with a flame
Indicated by 90% distillation temperature, i.e. when 90% of sample oil has distilled off
Temperature at which it solidifies or congeals

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