Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle diesel engine, the exhaust valve

Opens at bottom dead centre and closes at top dead centre
Opens at 30° after bottom dead centre and closes at 10° before top dead centre
Opens at 30° before bottom dead centre and closes at 10° after top dead centre
May open and close anywhere

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Internal Combustion Engines
A hydraulic ram is a device used to

Increase the pressure of water
Store the energy of water
To lift small quantity of water to a greater height when a large quantity of water is available at a smaller height
To lift water from deep wells

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Internal Combustion Engines
Supercharging is the process of

Providing forced cooling air
Supplying compressed air to remove combustion products fully
Injecting excess fuel for raising more loads
Supplying the intake of an engine with air at a density greater than the density of the surrounding atmosphere

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