Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle diesel engine, the exhaust valve

May open and close anywhere
Opens at 30° after bottom dead centre and closes at 10° before top dead centre
Opens at bottom dead centre and closes at top dead centre
Opens at 30° before bottom dead centre and closes at 10° after top dead centre

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Internal Combustion Engines
Detonation is harmful due to

High intensity of knock causes crankshaft vibration and the engine runs rough
Increase in the rate of heat transfer, there is a reduction in the power output and efficiency of the engine
None of these
Excessive turbulence which removes most of the insulating gas boundary layer from the cylinder walls

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Internal Combustion Engines
Scavenging air in diesel engine means

Air used for forcing burnt gases out of engine's cylinder during the exhaust period
Forced air for cooling cylinder
Burnt air containing products of combustion
Air used for combustion sent under pressure

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