Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle diesel engine, the exhaust valve

Opens at bottom dead centre and closes at top dead centre
Opens at 30° before bottom dead centre and closes at 10° after top dead centre
May open and close anywhere
Opens at 30° after bottom dead centre and closes at 10° before top dead centre

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed 4-stroke cycle diesel engine the inlet valve

Opens at 10° after top dead center and closes 20° before the bottom dead center
Opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center
Opens at 20° before top dead center and closes at 35° after the bottom dead center
May open or close anywhere

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Internal Combustion Engines
The purpose of testing an internal combustion engine is

To satisfy the customer regarding the performance of the engine
To determine the information, which cannot be obtained by calculations
All of these
To conform the data used in design, the validity of which may be doubtful

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