Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle diesel engine, the exhaust valve

Opens at 30° before bottom dead centre and closes at 10° after top dead centre
Opens at bottom dead centre and closes at top dead centre
Opens at 30° after bottom dead centre and closes at 10° before top dead centre
May open and close anywhere

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Internal Combustion Engines
The delay period in compression ignition engines depends upon

Nature of the fuel mixture strength
All of these
Relative velocity between the fuel injection and air turbulence pressure of residual gases
Temperature and pressure in the cylinder at the time of injection

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