Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed 4-stroke cycle diesel engines

Exhaust valve opens just after bottom dead center and closes just before top dead center
May open and close anywhere
Exhaust valve opens at bottom dead center and closes at top dead center
Exhaust valve opens at 35° before bottom dead center and closes at 20° after top dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
The tangential velocity of the water element having a free vortex is

Directly proportional to its distance from the centre
Directly proportional to its (distance)2 from the centre
Inversely proportional to its distance from the centre
Inversely proportional to its (distance)2 from the centre

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Internal Combustion Engines
For the same compression ratio

Diesel cycle is more efficient than Otto
Compression ratio has nothing to do with efficiency
Otto cycle is more efficient than the Diesel
Both Otto and Diesel cycles are, equally efficient

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