Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed 4-stroke cycle diesel engines

May open and close anywhere
Exhaust valve opens at bottom dead center and closes at top dead center
Exhaust valve opens just after bottom dead center and closes just before top dead center
Exhaust valve opens at 35° before bottom dead center and closes at 20° after top dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
The expansion of fuel in a four stroke cycle diesel engine

May start and end anywhere
Starts at top dead center and ends at 30° after top dead center
Starts at 15° after top dead center and ends at 30° before bottom dead center
Starts at 15° before top dead center and ends at 30° after top dead center

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