Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed 4-stroke cycle diesel engines

May open and close anywhere
Exhaust valve opens just after bottom dead center and closes just before top dead center
Exhaust valve opens at bottom dead center and closes at top dead center
Exhaust valve opens at 35° before bottom dead center and closes at 20° after top dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
The delay period in compression ignition engines depends upon

Relative velocity between the fuel injection and air turbulence pressure of residual gases
All of these
Nature of the fuel mixture strength
Temperature and pressure in the cylinder at the time of injection

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