Internal Combustion Engines
If V₁ is the jet velocity and V₀ is the vehicle velocity, then the propulsive efficiency of a rocket is given by

(V₀/V₁)/ [1 + (V₀/V₁)²]
V₁/(V₀ + V₁)
[2(V₀/V₁)]/ [1 + (V₀/V₁)²]
V₀/(V₀ + V₁)

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle petrol engine, the expansion

Starts at 30° after top dead center and ends at 50° after bottom dead center
May start and end anywhere
Starts at 30° before top dead center and ends at 50° before bottom dead center
Starts at top dead center and ends at bottom dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a coil ignition system of petrol engines, a condenser is connected across the contact breaker in order to

None of these
Both (A) and (B)
Cause more rapid break of the primary current, giving a higher voltage in the secondary circuit
Prevent sparking across the gap between the points

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Internal Combustion Engines
Which one of the following event would reduce volumetric efficiency of a vertical compression ignition engine?

Inlet valve closing before bottom dead center
Inlet valve closing after bottom dead center
Exhaust valve closing after top dead center
Inlet valve opening before top dead center

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