Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed, 4-stroke cycle diesel engine

Fuel injection starts at just before top dead center and ends just after top dead center
Fuel injection starts at top dead center and ends at 20° after top dead center
May start and end anywhere
Fuel injection starts at 10° before top dead center and ends at 20° after top dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle petrol engine, the inlet valve

Opens at 20° after top dead center and closes at 20° before bottom dead center
Opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center
Opens at 20° before top dead center and closes at 40° after bottom dead center
May open or close anywhere

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